Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology

 This atlas presents not only the differential diagnosis but also the detailed morphologic, immunophenotypic, and especially genetic characteristics of the majority of hematolymphoid malignancies. An expert hematopathologist here provides a valuable resource to understand, use, or interpret one or more of these diagnostic modalities with confidence. This new edition has a compact format with up-to-date information - especially on genetic aspects - and will be an indispensable reference for all professionals in the specialty. *Provides an unrivalled visual resource for differential diagnosis in neoplastic hematopathology *Enables specialist and trainee oncologists and pathologists alike to understand, use, and interpret diagnostic modalities with confidence *Supplies quick access to information via tables, algorithms, and composite figures

Table of Contents

Preface
Abbreviations

    Blood

        Differential diagnosis of most common abnormal blood findings with suspected malignancy

        Approach to most urgent hematologic abnormalities

    Lymph nodes

        Normal structure

        Abnormal patterns

    Bone marrow

        Normal structure and hematopoiesis

        Cytomorphology (abnormal features)

        Histology (abnormal patterns)

        Patterns of involvement by mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders

        Patterns of involvement by mature T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders

    Immunophenotypic markers - differential diagnosis

    Flow cytometry

        The major role of flow cytometry analysis

        Flow cytometry parameters

        Flow cytometry of blood and bone marrow (BM) – gating strategy

        The identification of clonal B-cell population

        Identification of abnormal T-cell populations

        Identification of myeloblasts

        Identification of B-lymphoblasts

        Identification of T-lymphoblasts

        Antigen expression during maturation

    Immunohistochemistry

    Cytogenetics

        Deletions and monosomies

        Inversions

        Isochromosomes

        Translocations

        Trisomies

    Molecular genetics

        Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

        Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

        Next-generation sequencing (NGS)

        Genetic markers – differential diagnosis

    Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)

    Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

    Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL)

    Follicular lymphoma (FL)

    Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM)

    Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its variants

        Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)

        De novo CD5+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

        Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in children

        T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma

        Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL)

        Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of bone or BM

        Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS)

        Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement

    Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)

    High grade B-cell lymphomas (HGBL)

        Burkitt lymphoma (BL)

        Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11 aberration (BLL-11q)

        High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (HGBL-R, double/triple hit lymphoma)

        High-grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HGBL, NOS)

    Plasma cell neoplasms

        Plasma cell myeloma (PCM)

        Plasmacytoma

        Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)

        Plasma cell leukemia (PCL)

    B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic morphology and/or EBV expression

        Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL)

        ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma

        EBV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

        KSHV/HHV-8 and EBV-associated germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder

        Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LyG)

        Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders

        Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders

        EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer (EMCU)

    T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)

    Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL)

    T-LGL leukemia and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK-cells

    Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL)

    Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL)

    Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)

        ALK+ ALCL

        ALK- ALCL

    Extranodal T/NK-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL)

    Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)

    Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL)

    Introduction to myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)

    Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; BCR-ABL1+)

    Polycythemia vera (PV)

    Essential thrombocythemia (ET)

    Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)

    Mastocytosis

    Other myeloproliferative neoplasms

    Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

    Mixed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN)

    Acute myeloid leukemia – introduction

    Acute myeloid leukemia, not otherwise specified (AML, NOS)

        AML with minimal differentiation

        AML without maturation

        AML with maturation

        Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML)

        Acute monoblastic leukemia

        Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL)

        Acute megakaryocytic leukemia

        Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF)

        Acute basophilic leukemia

        Extramedullary myeloid tumor (EMT)

    AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities

        Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)

        Acute myeloid leukemia with RUNX1-RUNX1T1

        Acute myeloid leukemia with CBFB-MYH11

        Acute myeloid leukemia with MLLT3-MLL

        Acute myeloid leukemia with DEK-NUP214

        Acute myeloid leukemia with RPN1-EVI1

        AML with NPM1 mutation

        AML with CEBPA mutation

    B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL)

    T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL)

    Other hematopoietic tumors

        Acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL)

        Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL)

        Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN)

        Composite hematopoietic tumors

        Follicular dendritic cell neoplasms

        Histiocytic sarcoma

        Langerhans cell histiocytosis

        Langerhans cell sarcoma

        Metastatic tumors to the bone marrow

    Body cavities

    Gastrointestinal tract

    Liver

    Lung and mediastinum

    Salivary gland

    Skin

    Spleen

    Testis

Index