Textbook of Influenza

The Textbook of Influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest drug developments and treatments. This new edition has been completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines concerning the emergence, evolution, pathogenesis and control of influenza viruses in the field of human and veterinary public health. Textbook of Influenza examines the lessons learnt from the latest pandemic and provides the current state of knowledge for many yet unresolved issues related to virus origin, spread, pathogenesis and disease severity to better prepare for future pandemics. It covers the background to recent advances in influenza genomics and reverse genetics which have allowed the identification of virus virulence factors and the analysis and reconstruction of influenza viruses such as the 1918 Spanish flu strain. This new edition is divided into eight key sections, containing chapters co–written by international experts from both the clinical and scientific communities, covering: • Influenza Perspectives • Structure and Replication • Evolution and Ecology • Epidemiology and Surveillance • Immunology • Vaccines and Vaccine Development • Clinical Aspects and Antivirals • Public Health Textbook of Influenza is for all those working in the area of influenza including clinical and basic scientists, immunologists, molecular and structural virologists, public health officials and global pandemic control planners. Edited by: Robert G. Webster , Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children′s Research Hospital, Memphis Arnold S. Monto , School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Thomas J. Braciale , University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Robert A. Lamb , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Table of Contents List of contributors, ix Foreword to the second edition, xiv Preface to the second edition, xvi Acknowledgments, xvii PART 1 Influenza: Perspective 1 Human influenza: One health, one world, 3 Daniel B. Jernigan and Nancy J. Cox 2 Influenza pandemics: History and lessons learned, 20 Arnold S. Monto and Robert G. Webster PART 2 Structure and replication 3 Structure, disassembly, assembly, and budding of influenza viruses, 37 Debiprosad Nayak, Sakar Shivakoti, Rilwan A. Balogun, Gwendolyn Lee, and Z. Hong Zhou 4 The virus genome and its replication, 57 Robert M. Krug and Ervin Fodor 5 Influenza glycoproteins: Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, 67 Rupert J. Russell, Steven J. Gamblin, and John J. Skehel 6 Proton channels of influenza A and B viruses, 101 Chunlong Ma, Lawrence H. Pinto, and Robert A. Lamb 7 The NS1 protein: A master regulator of host and viral functions, 114 Robert M. Krug and Adolfo García–Sastre 8 Structure and function of the influenza virus replication machinery and PB1–F2, 133 Andrew Mehle and Jonathan A McCullers 9 The genome and its manipulation: Recovery of the 1918 virus and vaccine virus generation, 146 Gabriele Neumann and Yoshihiro Kawaoka 10 Pathogenesis, 157 Hans Dieter Klenk, Wolfgang Garten, and Mikhail Matrosovich PART 3 Evolution and ecology of influenza viruses 11 Ecology and evolution of influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds, 175 Ron A.M. Fouchier and Yi Guan 12 Influenza in swine, 190 Richard Webby and Juergen Richt 13 Equine/Canine/Feline/Seal influenza, 203 Thomas M. Chambers, Edward J. Dubovi, and Ruben O. Donis 14 Emergence and Evolution of the 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 pandemic virus strains, 218 Taia T. Wang and Peter Palese PART 4 Epidemiology and surveillance 15 Influenza surveillance and laboratory diagnosis, 231 Maria Zambon 16 Epidemiology of influenza, 250 Marc–Alain Widdowson and Arnold S. Monto PART 5 Immunology of influenza 17 Innate immunity, 269 Akiko Iwasaki and Malik Peiris 18 Antibody–mediated immunity, 283 Nicole Baumgarth,Michael C. Carroll, and Santiago Gonzalez 19 Cell–mediated immunity, 298 Stephen J. Turner, Peter C. Doherty, and Anne Kelso PART 6 Vaccines and vaccine development 20 Immunogenicity, efficacy of inactivated/live virus seasonal and pandemic vaccines, 313 Wendy A. Keitel, Kathleen M. Neuzil, and John Treanor 21 New approaches to vaccination, 327 Chih–Jen Wei, Damian C. Ekiert, Gary J. Nabel, and Ian A. Wilson 22 Control of influenza in animals, 337 Ilaria Capua and Dennis J. Alexander 23 Influenza vaccine production, 352 Klaus Stöhr PART 7 Clinical aspects and antivirals 24 Human influenza: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and management, 373 Frederick G. Hayden and Menno D. de Jong 25 Antivirals: Targets and use, 392 Michael G. Ison and Alan Hay 26 The control of influenza and cost–effectiveness of interventions, 419 Carolyn B. Bridges, Samuel K. Peasah, and Martin I. Meltzer 27 Applications of quantitative modeling to influenza virus transmission dynamics, antigenic and genetic evolution, and molecular structure, 434 Marc Lipsitch and Derek Smith 28 Pandemic preparedness and response, 453 Jonathan S. Nguyen–Van–Tam and Joseph Bresee 29 Influenza: The future, 470 Thomas J. Braciale PART 8 The outbreak of H7N9 30 Appendix, 479 Thomas J. Bracial (etc.)