Essential Musculoskeletal MRI

Most radiological texts are written by radiologists for radiologists; this is even more the case when it comes to the specialisation of MRI. This book is designed to empower the clinician in understanding the appearance of normal anatomy on MRI and the radiological features of the more commonly encountered regional pathologies, with particular emphasis on those with musculoskeletal relevance. It also gives insight into the correlation between the clinican presentation of the patient and the finding on special imaging. An accompanying CD-ROM allows the reader to work their way through exercises and examples to raise their level of independent capability. As such, the book is clinician-led. The approach is regionally organised, rather than driven by pathology, and thinking is clinical rather then purely radiological. The terminology and layout is also user-friendly and should have to ability to act both as a undergraduate/CME text book and a practitioner manual. The sections and chapters are based on a series of ‘resource documents’ that have been commissioned by the editors for The Journal of Clinical Chiropractic, an international Churchill Livingstone imprint. These have been very favourably met with, but with the following provisos: • A greater degree of depth would be welcome, particularly by non-chiropractors whose clinican needs are different. • Collection into a single source (as opposed to several journal volumes and issues) would allow much easier access. • Worked clinical examples would help develop diagnostic thinking. • Having the faciltity to access a library of images would enhance pattern recognition skills. This text would aim to develop the basic articles into a book that meets all of these additional needs. By Michelle Anna Wessely, BSc: Chiropractic, DC, DACBR, American Chiropractic Board of Radiology; MACCR, Memeber of the College of Chiropractic Radiology; MARRS, Memeber of the European Congress of Radiology and Martin Ferrier Young, BSc(Hons Phys) BSc(Chiropractic) DC FCC, Private practitioner, Yeovil Chiropractic Clinic, Yeovil, Somerset, UK Table of Contents: Introduction – MRI (35): Theory Spin Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Resonance detection Imaging MRI parameters Spin echo sequences Pulse sequences Fast spin echo STIR Gradient echo Contrast enhancement The Patient experience MRI equipment Imaging protocols Contraindications and complications Clinical decision making Part 1: The Spine Cervical Spine. Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Degenerative disc disease Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy Pathology Syringomyelia Inflammatory arthritides Disc lesions Spinal cord lesions Infection Tumours (osseous and soft tissue) – primary and secondary Trauma Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision-making Radicultitis Cervical spondylotic myelopathy SMT and contraindications Whiplash Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Thoracic Spine. Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Degenerative disc disease Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy Pathology Syringomyelia Inflammatory arthritides Disc lesions Spinal cord lesions Infection Tumours (osseous and soft tissue) – primary and secondary Trauma Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision-making Scheuermann’s disease Osteopororsis Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Lumbar Spine & Pelvis. Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Degenerative disc disease Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy Modic changes Canal stenosis Sacro-iliac joints Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Disc lesions Infection Tumours (osseous and soft tissue) – prim and sec Infection Trauma Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision-making Radiculitis Cauda Equina Syndrome Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Part 2: The Upper Extremity Shoulder Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Hill-Sachs defect Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Synoviochondometaplasia HADD SLAP lesions Tumours – prim and secondary Trauma Soft tissue injury Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision- making Rotator cuff injuries Bicipital tendinitis Adhesive capsultits Acromioclavicular injury Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Elbow Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Hill-Sachs defect Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Synoviochondometaplasia PVNS Neuropathies Tumours – prim and secondary Trauma Infection Soft tissue injury Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision- making Lateral Epicondylitis Medial Epicondylitis Bursitis Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Ligamentous injury Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Wrist & Hand Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Rheumatology Neuropathies Tumours – prim and secondary Trauma Infection Avascular necrosis Soft tissue injury Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision- making Ulnar Nerve Palsy Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Stenosing Tenosynovitis Avascular Necrosis Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Part 3: The Lower Extremity Hip Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Developmental dysplasias Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Synoviochondometaplasia HADD Avascular necrosis PVNS Tumours – prim and secondary Trauma Infection Soft tissue injury Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision- making Musculotendinous injury Ligamentous injury Cox arthrosis Bursitis Avascular necrosis Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Knee Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Bony contusions Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Synoviochondometaplasia CPPD Neuropathies Tumours – prim and secondary Infection Osteochondroma Trauma Soft tissue injury Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision- making Ligamentous injuries Meniscal injuries Bursitis Muscular injuries Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Ankle & Foot Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Os trigonum Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Infection Tumours – prim and secondary Trauma Soft tissue injury Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision- making Peroneal tendonitis Plantar fasciitis Ligamentous injury Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) Part 4: The TMJ. Normal anatomy and variants Pathomechanics Degenerative joint disease Degenerative disc disease Meniscal lesions Pathology Inflammatory arthritides Infection Trauma Soft tissue injury Surgical approaches Clinical Correlation and decision-making Summary (“Clinical Pearls”) (CD-ROM): Clinical Exercises.