The sixth edition of Ellestad's classic text on cardiac stress testing has been extensively updated and re-written to communicate contemporary understanding of the classical principles of stress testing to clinicians and researchers, students and seasoned practitioners alike. The current techniques for performing stress tests presented herein reflect major technologic advances in imaging, physiologic monitoring and the assessment of cardiovascular risk, addressing fundamental paradigm shifts in interventional, surgical and medical treatment of heart disease. Moreover, the text addresses the dramatic changes that are occurring in patient demographics and the environmental, socioeconomic, gender and genomic factors that crucially impact heart disease and warrant attention when performing cardiac stress testing.
Chapters on the physiology of exercise testing including practical details regarding protocols for conducting the stress test, proper supervision, important parameters to be monitored, and the diagnostic and prognostic information to be gleaned from the electrocardiogram set the stage for expanded chapters on the use of cardiac imaging in conjunction with stress testing. Physiologic and metabolic considerations during stress testing are covered in detail. Application of stress testing to special populations, such as women, children, athletes, and individuals in both high and low risk groups are covered in new chapters. Finally, the authors address the use of stress testing in limited resource environments and discuss global changes in the incidence of atherosclerosis, and suggest how stress testing may evolve.
Table of Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Introduction
1. History of Exercise Testing
2. Physiology of Cardiac Ischemia
Practical Considerations in Stress Testing
3. When to Use Exercise Testing - Indications, Guidelines and Appropriate Use Criteria
4. Contraindications, Risks, and Safety Precautions for Stress Testing
5. Parameters to be Measured During Exercise
6. Blood Pressure Measurement During Exercise
7. Stress Testing Protocols
8. The Ellestad Protocol
9. Interpretation of the ECG During Stress Testing
10. Rhythm and Conduction Disturbances in Stress Testing
11. Predicting Prognosis with the Exercise Test: Putting It All Together
12. Non-physician Supervision of Stress Testing
13. Optimizing Stress Testing in a Limited Financial Resource Environment
Role of Cardiac Imaging in Stress Testing
14. Making Clinical Decisions Based on Exercise Testing
15. Nuclear Cardiology
16. Stress Echocardiography
17. Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
18. Stress X-Ray Computed Tomography
19. Combining Calcium Scanning and Treadmill Exercise: The Physiologic and Metabolic Considerations
20. Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Responses to Exercise
21. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
22. Heart Rate Response to Exercise
23. Metabolic Abnormalities and Drugs
Stress Testing in Specific Populations
24. Stress Testing in Women
25. Stress Testing of Athletes and Those in High Risk Occupations
26. Sports Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease
27. Stress Testing in Children
The Future of Stress Testing
28. The Impact of Changing Global Atherosclerosis Patterns on Stress Testing
29. Perspectives on the Future of Stress Testing
Appendix
