Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice

Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice is an invaluable quick reference resource for clinicians and a useful study guide for veterinary students.

In this practical and beautifully illustrated book, early chapters cover physical examination, advice on interpreting diagnostic tests, and avian anatomy and physiology. Disorders affecting the different body regions and systems make up the majority of the book from the external―skin, feathers, eyes, legs and feet―to the internal including the gastrointestinal tract and the cardiovascular system. Further aspects of avian medicine discussed in the book include behavioural problems, incubation of eggs, paediatrics and surgery.

Written by an expert with more than 30 years of clinical experience in avian medicine, the new edition is thoroughly revised with updated diseases, new and expanded clinical techniques, and over 100 new color illustrations. It also adds four important new chapters: Husbandry, Grooming and Nutrition, Diagnostic Imaging, Endoscopy, and Oncology as well as new sections on cardiovascular anatomy and neuroanatomy.

Contents

Clinical Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction
The Skin, Feathers, Nails and Beak
The Skeleton
The Digestive Tract
The Urinary System
The Respiratory Tract
The Reproductive Tract
Cardiovascular System
Nervous System
Endocrine Glands
Organs of the Special Senses
The Immune System
Further Reading

Husbandry, Grooming and Nutrition
Husbandry
Further Reading

The Physical Examination
Understanding the Masking Phenomenon
Examination Room Equipment
History Taking
The Distant Examination
The Physical Examination
Further Reading

Clinical Techniques
Diagnostic Techniques
Treatment Techniques
Further Reading

Diagnostic Imaging
Radiology
Ultrasound
Computerised Tomography (CT)
Fluoroscopy
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Further Reading

Endoscopy
Equipment
Caring for the Equipment
Operating the Endoscope
Biopsy Collection
Endoscopic Approaches
Further Reading

Interpreting Diagnostic Tests
Choosing Which Tests to Use
Haematology
Protein Electrophoresis
Clinical Biochemistry
Lipids
Serology
PCR Testing
Cultures
Cytology
Further Reading

Supportive Therapy
Dehydration
Hypothermic Shock
Catabolism
Respiratory Compromise
Analgesia
Blood Loss
Hospital Care
Further Reading

Differential Diagnoses
Change in Droppings
Appetite and Thirst
Vomiting
Weight Loss
Posture
Feathers and Skin
Wings
Feet and Legs
Beak
Eyes
Face
Body
Paediatrics
Further Reading

Diseases of the Skin and Feathers
Congenital Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Endocrine Disorders
Bacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
Viral Infections
Parasitic Infections
Neoplastic and Pseudoneoplastic Conditions
Toxic Conditions
Conditions Affecting the Uropygial Gland
Iatrogenic Trauma
Feather Damaging Behaviour and Other Self-Mutilating Conditions
Further Reading

Disorders of the Beak and Cere
Malformation
Trauma
Hyperextension of the Maxilla
Overgrown Maxilla
Infection
Neoplasia
Keratin Flakes on the Beak
Disorders of the Cere
Further Reading

Disorders of the Eye
Assessing the Eye
Disorders of the Eye
Further Reading

Disorders of the Ear
Otitis Externa
Otitis Media and Otitis Interna
Further Reading

Diseases of the Legs, Feet and Toes
Malformations
Pathological Fractures
Toe Anteroflexion
Slipped Tendon (Perosis)
Swollen Joints
Pododermatitis
Constricted Toe Syndrome
Bilateral Paresis or Paralysis
Unilateral Paresis or Paralysis
Hyperkeratosis
Self-Mutilation of the Feet and Toes
Toe Tapping in Eclectus Parrots
Leg Band Constriction
Toe Necrosis
Frost Bite
Overgrown Nails
Missing Nails and Toes
Further Reading

Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Skeletal
Hereditary, Congenital and Developmental
Nutritional/Metabolic
Joints
Muscles
Congenital
Non-Inflammatory
Inflammatory: Non-Infectious
Inflammatory: Infectious
Neoplastic
Tendons and Ligament
Further Reading

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
The Oropharynx and Crop
Proventriculus and Ventriculus
Disorders of the Intestinal Tract
Disorders of the Cloaca
Further Reading

Disorders of the Liver
Overview of Liver Disease
Aetiology of Liver Disease
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Chlamydiosis
Pacheco’s Disease
Further Reading

Disorders of the Pancreas
Exocrine
Endocrine
Further Reading

Diseases of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract
Further Reading

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Cardiac Disease
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Further Reading

Disorders of the Lymphatic and Haematopoietic Systems
Overview
Diseases of the Bone Marrow
Primary Disorders of the Immune System
Further Reading

Disorders of the Nervous System
Introduction
History
Distant Examination
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Tests
Central Nervous System Disorders
Bacterial Infections
Fungal Diseases
Chlamydia
Protozoal Diseases
Nematodes
Trauma
Cerebrovascular Accidents
Toxins
Nutritional Deficiencies
Neoplasia
Epilepsy/Seizures
Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
Further Reading

Disorders of the Reproductive Tract
The Male Reproductive Tract
The Female Reproductive Tract
The Ovary
The Oviduct
Investigating Reproduction Problems in the Aviary
Further Reading

Disorders of the Urinary System
Renal Disease
Urolithiasis
Gout
Zinc Toxicosis
Further Reading

Behavioural Problems
Introduction
Principles
Understanding Bird Behaviour
How Do Behavioural Problems Develop?
Historical Approach to Treating Behavioural Problems
New Concepts
Basic Steps to Implement in a Behaviour-Modification Programme
Further Reading

Incubation of Eggs
Why Incubate Eggs?
When to Collect Eggs
Storing Eggs Prior to Incubation
Sanitation of the Eggs
Equipment
Incubation Parameters
Monitoring
Hygiene
Record Keeping
Embryonic Development
Hatching
Egg Necropsy
Further Reading

Paediatrics
Introduction
Examination of the Chick
Common Problems
Further Reading

Analgesia and Anaesthesia
Analgesia
Anaesthesia
Further Reading

Surgery
Introduction
Pre-Surgical Assessment and Conditioning
Surgical Preparation and Patient Support Procedures
Common Soft Tissue Surgical Procedures
Orthopaedics
Further Reading

Oncology
Introduction
Tumour Classification
Further Reading

Appendix 1: Formulary
Appendix 2: Reference Intervals for Commonly Kept Companion Birds
Appendix 3: Biological Values for Some Common Companion Bird Species