Mitochondria produce the chemical energy necessary for eukaryotic cell functions; hence mitochondria are an essential component of health, playing roles in both disease and aging. More than 80 human diseases and syndromes are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction; this book focuses upon diseases linked to these ubiquitous organelles. Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage results in mitochondrial dysfunction through two main pathways. Mutation in mitochondrial DNA causes diseases such as Kearns-Sayre syndrome and Pearson syndrome. Mutation in chromosomal DNA causes diseases such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. These and many other diseases are reviewed in this book.
Key Features
Presents the detailed structure of mitochondria, mitochondrial function, roles of oxidants and antioxidants in mitochondrial dysfunction.
Includes summary of both causes and effects of these diseases.
Discusses current and potential future therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction diseases
Explores a wide variety of diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondria
Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................... xi
Acknowledgment......................................................................................................................................................... xiii
About the Editor .......................................................................................................................................................... xv
Contributors ............................................................................................................................................................... xvii
SECTION I Introduction: Structure and Function of Mitochondria
Chapter 1 Mitochondrial Structure and Function ....................................................................................................... 3
Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
Chapter 2 Structure, Function and Evolutionary Aspects of Mitochondria ................................................................ 9
Puja Agarwal, Mehali Mitra, and Sujit Roy
Chapter 3 Mitochondrial Genome Damage, Dysfunction and Repair ........................................................................23
Kalyan Mahapatra, Sayanti De, and Sujit Roy
SECTION II Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Diseases
Chapter 4 Instability of Human Mitochondrial DNA, Nuclear Genes and Diseases ..................................................39
Katarzyna Tońska
Chapter 5 Kearns-Sayre Syndrome .............................................................................................................................55
Josef Finsterer
Chapter 6 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Barth Syndrome......................................................................................61
Arianna F. Anzmann, Steven M. Claypool, and Hilary Vernon
Chapter 7 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease ..............................................79
Isaac G. Onyango
Chapter 8 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis.......................................................................................87
Angela Dziedzic, Elzbieta Miller, Joanna Saluk-Bijak, and Michał Bijak
Chapter 9 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease.............................................................................93
Maria V. Irazabal and Alfonso Eirin
Chapter 10 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Breast Cancer: A Potential Target from the Bench to Clinical
Therapeutics.............................................................................................................................................103
Thalita Basso Scandolara, Letícia Madureira Pacholak, Thayse Fachin Cormanique, Rodrigo Kern,
and Carolina Panis
Chapter 11 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis ....................................................115
Silvio Zaina and Gertrud Lund
Chapter 12 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Heart Diseases ......................................................................................127
Dao-Fu Dai
Chapter 13 The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mitophagy and Apoptosis and Its Relevance to Cancer .......143
Jan Ježek
Chapter 14 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Linking Obesity and Asthma .......................................................................151
Naveen K. Bhatraju and Anurag Agrawal
Chapter 15 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hearing Loss.........................................................................................163
María de la Luz Arenas Sordo
Chapter 16 Superoxide Dismutase, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurodegenerative Diseases ............................171
Jahaun Azadmanesh and Gloria E. O. Borgstahl
Chapter 17 Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Mitochondrial Complex I in Mitochondrial Dysfunction
and Human Brain Pathologies .................................................................................................................191
Vismaya, Yogachar Chithra, and Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas Bharath
Chapter 18 Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Health and Disease: Perspective of Mitochondrial Homeostasis ..............205
Pu Duann, Elias A. Lianos, and Pei-Hui Lin
Chapter 19 Mitochondrial Transplantation in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury ....................................217
David Blitzer, Borami Shin, Alvise Guariento, Pedro J. del Nido, and James D. McCully
Chapter 20 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes ...................................................................................................231
Eric L. Johnson
Chapter 21 Clinical Manifestation of Mitochondrial Disorders in Childhood............................................................243
Martin Magner
Chapter 22 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Epilepsies ..............................................................................................265
Bindu Parayil Sankaran and Arun B. Taly
Chapter 23 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Allergic Disease.....................................................................................277
Kritika Khanna and Anurag Agrawal
SECTION III Factors Affecting Mitochondrial Function
Chapter 24 Role of Carnosic Acid in Protection of Brain Mitochondria ....................................................................293
Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
Chapter 25 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Impact on Oxidative Capacity of Muscle .........................................309
Teet Seene
Chapter 26 The Effects of Resveratrol on the Brain Mitochondria.............................................................................319
Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
Chapter 27 Pathophysiology and Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Heavy Exercise .................335
Sergej M. Ostojic
Chapter 28 Mitochondrial Pathologies and Their Neuromuscular Manifestations .....................................................341
Carlos Ortez and Andrés Nascimento
Chapter 29 Mitochondrial Stress and Cellular Senescence..........................................................................................361
Irene L. Tan and Michael C. Velarde
Chapter 30 Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Obesity ...........................................................................379
David Albuquerque, Sara Silva, Daniel Álvarez-Vaca, Célia Aveleira, and Clévio Nóbrega
Chapter 31 Roles of Melatonin in Maintaining Mitochondrial Welfare: Focus on Renal Cells...................................389
Feres José Mocayar Marón, Emiliano Diez, Russel J. Reiter, and Walter Manucha
Chapter 32 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System in Diabetic Neuropathy
and Avenues for Therapy..........................................................................................................................399
Jennifer Jossart, Taylor N. Dennis, and J. Jefferson P. Perry
Chapter 33 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome................409
Qiaozhu Su and Hao Wang
SECTION IV Immunity and Toxicity
Chapter 34 Regulation of Antiviral Immunity by Mitochondrial Dynamics ..............................................................425
Mohsin Khan, Hasan Imam, and Saiful Anam Mir
Chapter 35 Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Immune Systems, Their Diseases, and Possible Treatments.........................443
Elise Jacquin, Eric Hervouet, and Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
Chapter 36 Organophosphorus Compound-Induced Mitochondrial Disruption........................................................461
Alan J. Hargreaves
Chapter 37 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Friedreich Ataxia .....................................................................................471
Rosella Abeti, Annalisa Baccaro, and Paola Giunti
Index............................................................................................................................................................................477
Shamim I. Ahmad earned his Master’s degree in Botany from Patna University, Bihar, India, and his PhD in Molecular Genetics from Leicester University, England. He then joined Nottingham Polytechnic as a grade 1 lecturer and subsequently was promoted to the post of Senior Lecturer. Ahmad now spends much of his time producing/writing medical books. For more than three decades he researched different areas of molecular biology/genetics including thymineless death in bacteria, genetic control of nucleotide catabolism, development of anti-AIDs drug, control of microbial infection of burns, phages of thermophilic bacteria, and microbial flora of Chernobyl after the nuclear power station accident. But his main interest is DNA damage and repair specifically by near-ultraviolet light mostly through the photolysis of biological compounds, production of reactive oxygen species, and their implications on human health including skin cancer. He also investigates near-ultraviolet photolysis of non-biological compounds such as 8-metoxypsoralen, mitomycin C, and their importance in psoriasis treatment and in Fanconi anemia. He has collaborated with the University of Osaka, Japan, and he and his colleagues were able to show that a number of naturally occurring enzymes were able to scavenge the reactive oxygen species. In 2003 he received a prestigious Asian Jewel Award in Britain for Excellence in Education. His long time ambition to produce medical books started in 2007 and since then he has published Molecular mechanisms of Fanconi Anemia, Molecular Mechanisms of Xeroderma Pigmentosum; Molecular Mechanisms of Cockayne Syndrome; Molecular Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia; Diseases of DNA repair; Neurodegenerative diseases; Diabetes: an Old Disease a New Insight, Obesity: a Practical Guide, Thyroid: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, and Ultraviolet light in Human Health, diseases and environment; also as a co-author the book on Diabetes: A comprehensive Treatise for patients and Caregivers. His most recent books are Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Human Health and Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon.
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