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What new theories, evidence, and policies have shaped health economics in the 21st century? Editors Mark Pauly, Thomas McGuire, and Pedro Pita Barros assemble the expertise of leading authorities in this survey of substantive issues. In 16 chapters they cover recent developments in health economics, from medical spending growth to the demand for health care, the markets for pharmaceutical products, the medical workforce, and equity in health and health care. Its global perspective, including an emphasis on low and middle-income countries, will result in the same high citations that made Volume 1 (2000) a foundational text. Edited by Mark V. Pauly; Thomas G McGuire and Pedro Pita Barros Table of Contents: 1. Medical Spending Growth 2. Geographic Variation in Spending and Outcomes 3. Health Behaviors and Prevention 4. Health Economics of Economic Development 5. Demand for Health Insurance and Health Care 6. Demand for Health Care 7. Issues in Cost Effectiveness Cost Benefit and Cost Utility Analysis 8. Cost Effectiveness and Payment Policy 9. Competition in Health Care Supply 10. Reporting on and Paying Health Care Providers 11. Health Insurance, Health Plans and Risk Variation 12. Markets for Pharmaceutical Products 13. Intellectual Property, Information Technology, Biomedical Research and Marketing of Patented Products 14. Medical Workforce 15. Public and Private Sector Interface 16. Equity in Health and Health Care 17. Health Care Disparities