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Advances over the past decades in space flight technology have allowed U.S., Russian, and other space programs to not only increase the frequency of manned space flights but also to increase the duration of these flights. As such, a large body of knowledge has been developed regarding the ways in which space flight affects the health of the personnel involved. Now, for the first time, this body of clinical knowledge on how to diagnose and treat conditions that either develop during a mission or because of a mission has been compiled by Drs. Michael R. Barratt and Sam L. Pool of the NASA/Johnson Space Center. CONTENTS 1. Bioenvironmental Aspects of Human Space Flight; 2. Human Response to the Space Flight Enviroment; 3. Defining the Risk of Medical Events; 4. Medical Evaluation and Standards for Space Flight; 5. Space Flight Medical Systems; 6. Acute Care in Space; 7. Surgical Capabilities for Space Flight; 8. Medical Transport in Space Flight; 9. Space Adaption Syndrome; 10. Decompression-Related Disorders 1: Decompression Sickness, Ebullism, Aeroembolism; 11. Decompression-Related Disorders II: Barotitis, Pneumothorax & Altitude Sickness; 12. Nephrolithiasis; 13. Musculoskeletal Injuries & Disorders; 14. Infectious & Immunologic Disorders; 15. Cardiovascular Disorders; 16. Gynecological and Obstetric Concerns; 17. Psychological & Psychiatric Disorders & Support; 18. Fatigue, sleep and chronobiology considerations; 19. Disorders due to acute atmospheric contaminants; 20. Disorders of Atmospheric Composition; 21. Thermal Stress & Injury; 22. Radiation Disorders; 23. Noise and Vibration; 24. Opthalmologic Concers for Space Flight; 25. Dental Concerns for Space Fligh; 26. Nutritional Disorders; 27. Miscellanous Disorders and Injuries; 28. Earth Return and Post-Flight Rehabilitation; Fruther Development of Space Clinical Medicine