Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging

Table of Contents:

    Dedication
    Mitophagy and Biogenesis
    Dedication
    Autophagy and Cancer
    Some Thoughts on Autophagy and Immunity
    Autophagy: Friend or Foe?
    Autophagy: If and When
    What Happened When Autophagy Didn’t
    Sugar Isn’t Always Sweet
    Mitochondrial Mysteries
    The Autophagy Process
    Foreword
    Foreword
    Preface
    Autophagy: Volume 1 – Contributions
    Autophagy: Volume 2 – Contributions
    Autophagy: Volume 3 – Contributions
    Autophagy: Volume 4 – Contributions
    Autophagy: Volume 5 – Contributions
    Autophagy: Volume 6 – Contributions
    Autophagy: Volume 7 – Contributions
    Chapter 1. Overview of Autophagy
        Abstract
        Introduction
        Specific Functions of Autophagy (A Summary)
        Autophagy in Normal Mammalian Cells
        Endoplasmic Reticulum
        Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
        Major Types of Autophagies
        Autophagosome Formation
        Autophagic Lysosome Reformation
        Protein Synthesis
        Abnormal Proteins
        Molecular Chaperones
        The Endoplasmic Reticulum
        Autophagic Proteins
        Aggrephagy
        Aggresome, Ubiquitin Proteasome, and Autophagic Systems
        Monitoring Autophagy
        Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
        Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)
        Role of Autophagy in Tumorigenesis and Cancer
        Role of Autophagy in Immunity
        Autophagy and Senescence
        Role of Autophagy in Viral Defense and Replication
        Role of Autophagy in Intracellular Bacterial Infection
        Role of Autophagy in Heart Disease
        Role of Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases
        Cross-Talk between Autophagy and Apoptosis
        Autophagy and Ubiquitination
        Autophagy and Necroptosis
        Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission
        Selective Autophagy
        References
    Part I: Molecular Mechanisms
        Chapter 2. Role of the Beclin 1 Network in the Cross-Regulation Between Autophagy and Apoptosis
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Beclin 1 Structure in Autophagy
            Transcriptional Regulation of Beclin 1 in Autophagy
            Posttranslational Modification of Beclin 1 in Autophagy
            Beclin 1-PI3KC3 Core Complex in Autophagy
            Beclin 1-BCL-2 Complex in Autophagy
            Beclin 1-Binding Proteins in Autophagy
            Beclin 1-Mediated Interplay Between Apoptosis and Autophagy
            Conclusions
            Acknowledgments
            References
        Chapter 3. Role of Sirt1 as a Regulator of Autophagy
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Characteristics of Sirt1
            Autophagy
            Regulation of Autophagy
            Role of Sirt1 as a Regulator of Autophagy
            Concluding Remarks
            Acknowledgments
            References
        Chapter 4. Apoptosis Blocks Beclin 1-Dependent Autophagosome Synthesis
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Apoptosis Inhibits Autophagosome Biogenesis via Dual-Functional Proteins
            Apoptosis Inhibition of Autophagosome Formation by Protease Activity
            Discussion
            Acknowledgments
            References
        Chapter 5. Is Selective Autophagy Distinct from Starvation-Induced Autophagy?
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Overview of Autophagy
            Selective Autophagy
            Autophagy and Disease
            Conclusions
            Acknowledgments
            References
    Part II: Role in Cell Death and Disease
        Chapter 6. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cell Death Caused by Cationic Polymers
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Characteristics of Cationic Polymers
            Brief Overview of Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Death
            Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Death Caused by Cationic Polymers
            Conclusions
            Acknowledgments
            References
        Chapter 7. The Role of Autophagy in Cell Death
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Cell Death Subroutines
            Autophagy and Apoptosis
            Autophagy and Programmed Necrosis
            Autophagy and ACD
            Autophagy: A Complex Dynamical System
            Conclusions
            References
        Chapter 8. The Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy in Mitochondrial Diseases
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Mitochondrial Diseases
            Autophagy
            Mitophagy
            Mitophagy in Mitochondrial Diseases
            Conclusions
            References
        Chapter 9. Autophagy Regulation by HMGB1 in Disease
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Nuclear HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy
            Cytosolic HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy
            Extracellular HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy
            Transcriptional Regulation of HMGB1 in Autophagy
            Posttranslational Modification of HMGB1 in Autophagy
            HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer Therapy
            HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy in Inflammation
            HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy in Immunity
            HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy in the Central Nervous System
            Conclusions
            Acknowledgments
            References
        Chapter 10. Autophagy Defects and Lafora Disease
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Pathomechanisms of Lafora Disease
            Conclusions
            References
        Chapter 11. Regulation of Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease: Insights into New Therapeutic Targets
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Autophagy in PD
            Autophagy as a Therapeutic Strategy
            Concluding Remarks
            Acknowledgments
            References
    Part III: Role in Cancer
        Chapter 12. Role of Autophagy in Cancer Development via Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Mitochondria and mitoROS
            Relationship Between mitoROS and Autophagy
            mitoROS-Regulated Autophagic Pathway in Cancer
            Antitumor Drugs Targeting mitoROS-Related Autophagy
            Conclusions and Perspectives
            References
        Chapter 13. Role of Autophagy in Cancer Therapy
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Dual Role of Autophagy in Cancer
            Therapy-Induced Stress and Autophagy
            Autophagy and Tumor Immunity
            Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Autophagy
            Discussion
            References
        Chapter 14. The Role of Autophagy in Cancer and Chemotherapy
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Pro- and Antitumor Functions of Autophagy in Tumorigenesis
            The Dual Effect of Autophagy in Chemotherapy
            Discussion
            Acknowledgments
            References
        Chapter 15. Autophagy Activation in the Tumor Microenvironment: A Major Process in Shaping the Antitumor Immune Response
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Hypoxia-Dependent Activation of Autophagy
            EffectS of Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy on the Antitumor Immune Response
            Autophagy Inhibition in Cancer Therapy: Friend or Foe?
            Concluding Remarks
            Acknowledgments
            References
        Chapter 16. Omega-3 DHA and EPA Conjugates Trigger Autophagy Through PPARγ Activation in Human Breast Cancer Cells
            Abstract
            Introduction
            DHA and EPA Conjugates Induced Autophagy: Regulation of Beclin-1
            Autophagic Process Triggered by DHA and EPA Conjugates
            PPARγ as Central Mediator in the Cross Talk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis
            Discussion
            References
        Chapter 17. Pro-oxidative Phytoagents Induce Autophagy in Tumors: Villain or Benefactor in Cancer Treatment?
            Abstract
            Introduction
            Autophagy in Cancer
            Autophagy in Anticancer Activities of Pro-oxidative Phytoagents
            Final Remarks
            Acknowledgments
            References
    Abbreviations and Glossary
    Index