The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, Fifth Edition, provides the latest coverage of the biochemistry and physiology of vitamins and vitamin-like substances. Health-related themes present insights into the use of vitamins, not only for general nutritional balance, but also as a factor in the prevention and/or treatment of specific health issues, such as overall immunity, inflammatory diseases, obesity, and anemia.
Readers will gain an understanding of the roles vitamins play in gene expression and epigenetics, providing important information on the further development of personalized medical treatments that will also allow them to establish appropriate dietary programs based on individual genetic profiles.
This cohesive, well-organized presentation of each vitamin includes key words, case studies, and coverage of the metabolic functions of appropriate vitamins. The readability of this complex content is highly regarded by students, instructors, researchers, and professionals alike.
Key Features
Includes diagnostic trees for vitamin deficiencies to help readers visually understand and recognize signs of specific deficiencies
Updated tables and figures throughout serve as quick references and support key takeaways
Provides learning aids, such as call-out boxes to increase comprehension and retention of important concepts
Table of Contents:
Dedication
Preface to the Fifth Edition
How to Use This Book
Part I. Perspectives on the Vitamins in Nutrition
Chapter 1. What Is a Vitamin?
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Thinking About Vitamins
2. Vitamin: A Revolutionary Concept
3. An Operating Definition of a Vitamin
4. The Recognized Vitamins
5. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 2. Discovery of the Vitamins
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Emergence of Nutrition as a Science
2. The Process of Discovery in Nutritional Science
3. The Empirical Phase of Vitamin Discovery
4. The Experimental Phase of Vitamin Discovery
5. The Vitamine Theory
6. Elucidation of the Vitamins
7. Vitamin Terminology
8. Other Factors Sometimes Called Vitamins
9. Modern History of the Vitamins
10. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 3. General Properties of Vitamins
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Vitamin Nomenclature
2. Chemical and Physical Properties of the Vitamins
3. Physiological Utilization of the Vitamins
4. Metabolism of the Vitamins
5. Metabolic Functions of the Vitamins
6. Vitamin Bioavailability
7. Vitamin Analysis
8. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 4. Vitamin Deficiency
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Concept of Vitamin Deficiency
2. Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin Deficiencies
3. Causes of Vitamin Deficiencies
4. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 5. Vitamin Needs and Safety
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Dietary Standards for Vitamins
2. Vitamin Allowances for Humans
3. Vitamin Allowances for Animals
4. Uses of Vitamins Above Required Levels
5. Hypervitaminoses
6. Safe Intakes of Vitamins
7. Study Questions and Exercises
Part II. Considering the Individual Vitamins
Chapter 6. Vitamin A
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Significance of Vitamin A
2. Properties of Vitamin A
3. Sources of Vitamin A
4. Absorption of Vitamin A
5. Transport of Vitamin A
6. Metabolism of Vitamin A
7. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin A
8. Biomarkers of Vitamin A Status
9. Vitamin A Deficiency
10. Vitamin A in Health and Disease
11. Vitamin A Toxicity
12. Case Studies
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 7. Vitamin D
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Significance of Vitamin D
2. Properties of Vitamin D
3. Sources of Vitamin D
4. Enteric Absorption of Vitamin D
5. Transport of Vitamin D
6. Metabolism of Vitamin D
7. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin D
8. Biomarkers of Vitamin D Status
9. Vitamin D Deficiency
10. Vitamin D in Health and Disease
11. Vitamin D Toxicity
12. Case Studies
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 8. Vitamin E
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Significance of Vitamin E
2. Properties of Vitamin E
3. Sources of Vitamin E
4. Absorption of Vitamin E
5. Transport of Vitamin E
6. Metabolism of Vitamin E
7. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin E
8. Biomarkers of Vitamin E Status
9. Vitamin E Deficiency
10. Vitamin E in Health and Disease
11. Vitamin E Toxicity
12. Case Studies
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 9. Vitamin K
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Vitamin K
2. Properties of Vitamin K
3. Sources of Vitamin K
4. Absorption of Vitamin K
5. Transport of Vitamin K
6. Metabolism of Vitamin K
7. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin K
8. Biomarkers of Vitamin K Status
9. Vitamin K Deficiency
10. Vitamin K Health and Disease
11. Vitamin K Toxicity
12. Case Studies
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 10. Vitamin C
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Vitamin C
2. Properties of Vitamin C
3. Sources of Vitamin C
4. Absorption of Vitamin C
5. Transport of Vitamin C
6. Metabolism of Vitamin C
7. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin C
8. Biomarkers of Vitamin C Status
9. Vitamin C Deficiency
10. Vitamin C in Health and Disease
11. Vitamin C Toxicity
12. Case Studies
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 11. Thiamin
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Thiamin
2. Properties of Thiamin
3. Sources of Thiamin
4. Absorption of Thiamin
5. Transport of Thiamin
6. Metabolism of Thiamin
7. Metabolic Functions of Thiamin
8. Biomarkers of Thiamin Status
9. Thiamin Deficiency
10. Role of Thiamin in Health and Disease
11. Thiamin Toxicity
12. Case Studies
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 12. Riboflavin
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Riboflavin
2. Properties of Riboflavin
3. Sources of Riboflavin
4. Absorption of Riboflavin
5. Transport of Riboflavin
6. Metabolism of Riboflavin
7. Metabolic Functions of Riboflavin
8. Biomarkers of Riboflavin Status
9. Riboflavin Deficiency
10. Riboflavin in Health and Disease
11. Riboflavin Toxicity
12. Case Study
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 13. Niacin
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Niacin
2. Properties of Niacin
3. Sources of Niacin
4. Absorption of Niacin
5. Transport of Niacin
6. Metabolism of Niacin
7. Metabolic Functions of Niacin
8. Biomarkers of Niacin Status
9. Niacin Deficiency
10. Niacin in Health and Disease
11. Niacin Toxicity
12. Case Study
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 14. Vitamin B6
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Vitamin B6
2. Properties of Vitamin B6
3. Sources of Vitamin B6
4. Absorption of Vitamin B6
5. Transport of Vitamin B6
6. Metabolism of Vitamin B6
7. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin B6
8. Biomarkers of Vitamin B6 Status
9. Vitamin B6 Deficiency
10. Vitamin B6 in Health and Disease
11. Vitamin B6 Toxicity
12. Case Studies
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 15. Biotin
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Biotin
2. Properties of Biotin
3. Sources of Biotin
4. Absorption of Biotin
5. Transport of Biotin
6. Metabolism of Biotin
7. Metabolic Functions of Biotin
8. Biomarkers of Biotin Status
9. Biotin Deficiency
10. Biotin in Health and Disease
11. Biotin Toxicity
12. Case Study
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 16. Pantothenic Acid
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Pantothenic Acid
2. Properties of Pantothenic Acid
3. Sources of Pantothenic Acid
4. Absorption of Pantothenic Acid
5. Transport of Pantothenic Acid
6. Metabolism of Pantothenic Acid
7. Metabolic Functions of Pantothenic Acid
8. Biomarkers of Pantothenic Acid Status
9. Pantothenic Acid Deficiency
10. Pantothenic Acid in Health and Disease
11. Pantothenic Acid Toxicity
12. Case Study
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 17. Folate
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. The Significance of Folate
2. Properties of Folate
3. Sources of Folate
4. Absorption of Folate
5. Transport of Folate
6. Metabolism of Folate
7. Metabolic Functions of Folate
8. Biomarkers of Folate Status
9. Folate Deficiency
10. Folate in Health and Disease
11. Folate Toxicity
12. Case Study
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 18. Vitamin B12
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Significance of Vitamin B12
2. Properties of Vitamin B12
3. Sources of Vitamin B12
4. Absorption of Vitamin B12
5. Transport of Vitamin B12
6. Metabolism of Vitamin B12
7. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin B12
8. Biomarkers of Vitamin B12 Status
9. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
10. Vitamin B12 in Health and Disease
11. Vitamin B12 Toxicity
12. Case Study
13. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 19. Vitamin-Like Factors
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Is the List of Vitamins Complete?
2. Choline
3. Carnitine
4. Myo-Inositol
5. Ubiquinones
6. Lipoic Acid
7. Nonprovitamin A Carotenoids
8. Flavonoids
9. Orotic Acid
10. Unidentified Factors
11. Case Study
12. Study Questions and Exercises
Part III. Using Current Knowledge of the Vitamins
Chapter 20. Sources of the Vitamins
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Vitamins in Foods and Feedstuffs
2. Vitamin Bioavailability
3. Vitamin Losses in Foods
4. Vitamin Fortification
5. Biofortification
6. Vitamin Labeling of Foods
7. Vitamins in Human Diets
8. Vitamin Supplementation
9. Vitamins in Livestock Feeding
10. Case Study
11. Study Questions and Exercises
Chapter 21. Assessing Vitamin Status
Learning Objectives
Vocabulary
1. Nutritional Assessment
2. Biomarkers of Vitamin Status
3. Vitamin Status of Human Populations
4. Global Undernutrition
5. Study Questions and Exercises
Appendix A. Current and Obsolete Designations of Vitamins (Bolded) and Other Vitamin-Like Factors
Appendix B. Original Reports for Case Studies
Appendix C. A Core of Current Vitamin Literature
Appendix D. Vitamin Contents of Foods (units per 100g Edible Portion)
Appendix E. Vitamin Contents of Feedstuffs (units per kg)
Index
James P. McClung, Ph.D., is a nutritional biochemist whose past and current research focuses on micronutrient nutrition at both the basic and applied levels. He has expertise in the areas of iron, selenium, and zinc nutrition. Ongoing experiments in his laboratory include studies investigating the impact of poor iron status on health and performance in both humans and animals. Dr. McClung currently serves on the editorial boards of a number of leading nutrition journals, including Advances in Nutrition and the British Journal of Nutrition. He received his B.S. and M.S. from the University of New Hampshire and his Ph.D. from Cornell University.
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