Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases

This multidisciplinary book is at the crossroads between two major scientific fields of the 21st century: evolutionary biology and infectious diseases. The genomic revolution has upset modern biology and has revolutionized our approach to ancient disciplines such as evolutionary studies. In particular, this revolution is profoundly changing our view on genetically driven human phenotypic diversity, and this is especially true in disease genetic susceptibility. Infectious diseases are indisputably the major challenge of medicine. When looking globally they are the number one killer of humans and therefore the main selective pressure exerted on our species. Even in industrial countries, infectious diseases are now far less under control than 20 years ago. The first part of this book covers the main features and applications of modern technologies in the study of infectious diseases. The second part provides detailed information on a number of the key infectious diseases such as malaria, SARS, avian flu, HIV, tuberculosis, nosocomial infections) and a few other pathogens that will be taken as examples to illustrate the power of modern technologies and the value of evolutionary approaches.   * Takes an integrated approach to infectious diseases * Includes contributions from leading authorities * Provides the latest developments in the field Contents Introduction: the need for a holistic approach to infectious diseases - Michel Tibayrenc (1) Molecular epidemiology and species definition of pathogens - Michel Tibayrenc (2) Virus species- Marc Van Regenmortel (3) Viral evolution- Hiroshi Haeno and Yoh (4) Species concept in bacteria - Frederick M. Cohan (5) Population structure of pathogenic bacteria - James Musser & Robert Selander (6) Evolution and pathogenesis of fungal organisms - Tatiana Giraud et al (7) Clonal evolution - Thierry de Meeus & Franck Prugnolle (8) Co-evolution between host and pathogen - Andrew Morgan (9) Elucidating human migration by means of their pathogens - Thierry Wirth (10) Phylogenetic analysis of pathogens - David A. Morrison (11) Evolutionary effects of infectious diseases on humans - Henry Harpending & Gregory Cochran (12) General human population genetics, major genomic projects and their relevance for biomedical research - Michel Tibayrenc (13) Pathogen and vector sequencing projects - Brendan Loftus (14) Proteomics and Host-Pathogen Interactions: a bright future? David Biron et al (15) Evolution of antibiotic resistance - Mark C. Enright (16) Mechanisms of antiviral resistance - Anthony Vere Hodge & Hugh Field, (17) Evolution of resistance to insecticides in disease vectors - Pierrick Labb et al (18) Genetics of major insect vectors - Patricia Dorn et al (19) Modern morphometrics of medically important insects - Jean-Pierre Dujardin (20) Multilocus sequence typing of pathogens - Marcos Perez-Losada et al (21) Analysis of pathogen evolution using microarrays - Wei Zhang (22) The bioinformatics revolution and infectious diseases - Mark van der Giezen (23) Genomics of infectious diseases and private industry - Guy Vernet (24) Pharmacogenetics: The la carte medicine of tomorrow? - Iris Grossman (25) Experimental recombination in trypanosomes: its relevance for formal genetics and epidemiology - Wendy Gibson et al (26) Population genetics of Plasmodium falciparum and the challenge of drug Resistance - Colin Sutherland (27) Molecular evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi: a new paradigmal model of basic science? - Jenny Tellaria et al (28) Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis populations using microarrays: does it permit routine molecular epidemiology? S bastien Gagneux & Marcel Behr (29) The evolution and dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus: can it be controlled by public health measures? Gerrit Kuhn & Dominique Blanc (30) The origins of human immunodeficiency virus and implications for global Epidemics - Eric Delaporte (31) Evolution of SARS coronavirus and the relevance of modern molecular Epidemiology - Zhengli Shi et al (32) Ecology and evolution of avian influenza: the risk of a major pandemics- Ron. A.M. Fouchier